Biscuit bar — Toffee

It is made from glucose, a simple sugar usually taken from starch such as corn or wheat.

Glucose is heated with a little sorbitol and citric acid until the pieces link into long, branched chains your body mostly can't digest.

Used to replace the bulk that is lost when sugar is removed, and to raise fibre content.

It's on this label as “Bulking agent (polydextrose)” (ingredient 1 of 10 linked). The brand doesn't say exactly what job it does in this product, so Dotfly won't guess.

Found naturally in small amounts in some fruits and fermented foods.

For food use it is usually made by fermentation: microbes are fed glucose and turn it into erythritol, which is then purified.

Used as a bulk sweetener, often combined with high-intensity sweeteners to balance the taste profile.

It's on this label as “Sweetener (erythritol) (8.4%)” (ingredient 2 of 10 linked). The brand doesn't say exactly what job it does in this product, so Dotfly won't guess.

From cocoa beans, the seeds of the cacao tree.

Beans are fermented, dried and roasted, ground into a paste, and the paste is pressed to squeeze out the fat.

Used to give chocolate its snap, gloss and the way it melts in the mouth.

It's on this label as “Cocoa butter” (ingredient 3 of 10 linked). The brand doesn't say exactly what job it does in this product, so Dotfly won't guess.

From the root of the chicory plant, a relative of the dandelion.

The roots are chopped and soaked in hot water, which pulls out the fibre (inulin), then it is cleaned and dried.

Used to add fibre and a light sweetness, and to give body to bars, spreads and drinks.

It's on this label as “Dietary fibre (inulin, oligofructose)” (ingredient 4 of 10 linked). The brand doesn't say exactly what job it does in this product, so Dotfly won't guess.

From cow's milk.

Milk is concentrated and then sprayed into hot air so the water evaporates and a powder is left.

Used in milk chocolate for creaminess, colour and a milder cocoa taste.

It's on this label as “SKIMMED MILK POWDER, whole milk powder” (ingredient 5 of 10 linked). The brand doesn't say exactly what job it does in this product, so Dotfly won't guess.

Glycerol is part of every fat and oil, from plants or animals.

It is usually split off from fats and oils and then purified into a clear, slightly sweet liquid.

Used to keep bars soft over shelf life by holding on to moisture.

It's on this label as “Humectant (glycerol)” (ingredient 6 of 10 linked). The brand doesn't say exactly what job it does in this product, so Dotfly won't guess.

From cocoa beans, the seeds of the cacao tree.

Fermented, dried and roasted beans are shelled and ground until the fat melts into a thick, dark paste.

Used as the flavour and colour base of dark and milk chocolate, and as a carrier for cocoa butter.

It's on this label as “Cocoa mass” (ingredient 7 of 10 linked). The brand doesn't say exactly what job it does in this product, so Dotfly won't guess.

Found in small amounts in fruit and vegetables; for food use often made from birch wood or corn cobs.

Plant fibres are broken down to a sugar called xylose, which is then converted into xylitol and purified.

Used to sweeten confectionery and chewing formats while keeping a sugar-like taste.

It's on this label as “Stabiliser (xylitol)” (ingredient 8 of 10 linked). The brand doesn't say exactly what job it does in this product, so Dotfly won't guess.

From soya beans.

It is separated out while soya bean oil is being cleaned, then dried.

Used in chocolate to help fat and solids flow together, which reduces the amount of cocoa butter needed.

It's on this label as “Emulsifier (SOYA LECITHIN)” (ingredient 9 of 10 linked). The brand doesn't say exactly what job it does in this product, so Dotfly won't guess.

The stevia PLANT is a leafy shrub from South America. Steviol glycosides are the sweet compounds in its leaves — and in the EU they are an authorised food additive (E 960), not the leaf itself.

In general they are extracted from dried leaves with water and purified; other authorised production methods also exist. This label does not say how its supplier made them.

Used in very small amounts to add sweetness without adding bulk or energy.

It's on this label as “Sweeteners (steviol glycosides from stevia, sucralose)” (ingredient 10 of 10 linked). The brand doesn't say exactly what job it does in this product, so Dotfly won't guess.